Descartes Fourth Meditation On The Existence Of God

In Descartes’ Fifth Meditation, he delivers an argument that has come to be known as the Ontological Argument. It is here that Descartes argues for the existence of God, through a priori reasoning. In order to understand both the strengths and weakness of this argument, I will first break it down into its main premises. From here, I will argue that despite the simplicity and use of reasoning in the argument, the weaknesses outweigh the strengths, and ultimately that the argument fails. To allow for a thorough examination of Descartes’ Ontological Argument, I will begin by outlining what the argument is. The argument goes that Descartes believes that God is a supremely perfect being. For God to be supremely perfect, He must exist, as it is†¦show more content†¦In the same way, having this analogy of God is not enough to pull Him into existence. The second objection that I wish to raise against Descartes’ argument is the idea of â€Å"perfection† itself. When claiming that God has â€Å"all perfections† (Pojman, 507), Descartes must also be asserting that everyone has the same idea of God as being a perfect being. If this were not the case, then the ontological argument would only apply to those who shared his view of God as being perfect, and would not allow for any other account of God that does not include this discription. Descartes would defend this by saying that as God is not a deceiver, He would not have placed false ideas into our minds. The caveat to this counter argument is that in defense of Descartes’ Third Meditation, where he claims that God is not a deceiver, he presupposes the existence of God. This occurs through what is now termed the â€Å"Cartesian circle†. In this reasoning, Descartes claims that the idea of God being perfect is â€Å"true and innate† within him and something that he can access through clear and distinct thought. Descartes continues on to say that anything that he can clearly and distinctly perceive is true. This falls back on the claim that is made in the Fourth Meditation, that all clear and distinct ideas must be true, as God is not a deceiver. This is proved in the Third Meditation, but relies on the proof of the existence of God to be true. However, this proof only comes in the Fifth Meditation with theShow MoreRelatedDescartes and HisThoughts Regarding Dreams Vs Reality731 Words   |  3 PagesIn first mediation Descartes ponders on the idea of what is real and what is a dream; he concludes that anything thing he can doubt is false and therefor a dream. After establishing the existence of the dream world he tries to figure out who is responsible for tricking him into this false world. He ponders on the idea that God could be responsible for tricking him, but quickly disregards that assumption believing that God, who represents everything that is good, could not deceive him; and concludesRead MoreDescartes 4th Meditation Essays802 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Descartes goes over what he has previously covered, including his proving that God exists and that God is perfect, he begins his fourth meditation. In this meditation, titled Truth and falsity, Descartes contemplates how he, Descartes makes mistakes if he is a product of this perfect being. First, he knows that God would not deceive him, since the will to deceive is a sign of weakness or hatred, and Gods perfection would not allow it. Second, if God created him, God is responsible for hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Descartes s The Six Meditations 1272 Words   |  6 Pagesthe six Meditations, Descartes comes to the conclusion that memories and dreams are deceptive and are not to be trusted. He discusses the existence of material objects, God, and himself. God exists and allows deception and Descartes’ ability to recognize that everythin g is false proves that he exists as well. He explains the difference between imagination and intellect, as well as the idea that the senses are deceptive and that knowledge comes from the mind and reason. Descartes’ belief in God allowsRead MoreEssay on Descartes Meditations1153 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes Meditations The way Descartes chose to write this piece literature captivated me. Descartes was a very intelligent man who wanted to make sense of the world he lived in. The format he used was unusual. It seems to me that he may have used this format, which is a replication of the book of Genesis in the Bible, to have a deeper and more profound impact on the reader. There are many similarities between Descartes Meditations and the first book of the Bible, Genesis. ForRead MoreDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Instructions: First: Analyze and evaluate the two proofs of Gods existence. How are they different? Is one more convincing than the other? Why did Descartes think he needed two proofs? Do they do different work for him? And secondly: Does Descartes give a satisfactory account of human error, given a perfect and divine creator? Are Descartes arguments convincing, or does it still seem unnecessary and less than perfect that God created us withRead MoreThe Theory Of God s The Same Meditation 1533 Words   |  7 PagesHis argument that God exists are mainly focused explicitly on Mediation three and five. In Mediation three, he says: â€Å"I must inquire whether there is a God [for if there is}, I must examine likewise whether he can be a deceiver†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He points out that God may be a deceiver, but has no foundational basis to prove that. But when he introduced the evil genius superior earlier in his Meditation one, he said that figure may also be tricking him into thinking God exists, and t hus deceiving him. The evil geniusRead MoreGeorge Descartes s Sugar923 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than to know the baker’s true identity. Descartes was one of the humans who understood there was something greater that created him, and with this understanding he looked for proofs that showed the similarities and differences between himself and his creator. He â€Å"meditated† over the course of six days how the world was created from the ground up to understand his place among the grand creation as well as the identification of his maker. Yet on the fourth day he became aware of the similarities (truths)Read MoreDescartes s Fourth Meditation On Truth And Falsity1439 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes’s fourth meditation, he specifically demonstrates the relationship between the intellect and will, and his understanding of truth and falsity. Also, according to the objection regarding the cause of error, we know that Descartes’s idea of the source of error and the scope of the intellect and will is challenged. Objectors have different thoughts on the source of errors and they believe the scope of the intellect even seems to be wider than that of will. In fact, I agree with Descartes that theRead More Descartes’ Ultimate Purpose of the Meditations Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesDescartes’ Ultimate Purpose of the Meditations My initial approach to Renà © Descartes, in Meditations on First Philosophy, views the third meditation’s attempts to prove the existence of God as a way of establishing a foundation for the existence of truth, falsity, corporeal things and eventually the establishment of the sciences. When viewed in this light, Descartes is accused of drawing himself into a ‘Cartesian circle,’ ultimately forcing this cosmological proof of God to defyRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesPrà ©ciso of Meditations on First Philosophy Through his series of books, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes enlightens his philosophical ideas about knowledge in which we should discard all belief we aren’t absolute certain about and establishes what we know for sure. In the introduction he clarifying the main ideas of each of the 6 books and using to them build up to his belief. Starting with the First Meditations, he discusses about doubt. He believed that there are no real foundations

How Self Managed Learning Can Improve Deep Rooted Development

In today world personal education is considered important while before, here individuals went to schools, completed, went to work; and quit examining totally. Individuals these days precede with their learning even, when they have finished with college, retain with new information to enhance their aptitudes and make a convention of lifelong learning. Personal and professional development is the most essential idea for the long haul vocation development. It is the procedure to setup the point in life. Everybody ought to create personal and professional development plan to discover what are the obliged ability is fundamental for the long haul development in life. Education is the starting phase of our life to obtain information and aptitude and professional life is stage where we can implement those learning and expertise, Professional life is additionally help us to upgrade our current ability and learning. Self-managed learning is a capable procedure that could help people on their study way with numerous compelling techniques. This report first notes how self-managed learning can improve deep rooted development by assessing approaches to self-managed learning, courses in which long lasting learning in personal and professional connections can be supported, and the advantages of self-managed learning to the individual and association. From that point, the report remarks upon my own present aptitudes and skills. These are assessed against professional measures and those ofShow MoreRelatedPersonal and professional development2710 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Personal and Professional Development TASK 1 1.1: Evaluation of approaches to self-managed training. Self managed training is a when an individual plans, executes and evaluates his or her own learning. The learner is in control of when learning can happen, the duration and the learning experience or outcome. It is important to always review and adapt your training plan. It is unproductive to remain rigid with the plan, and allowing adaptations will improve its applicability and suitabilityRead MoreThe Effects of Training and Developing the Workforce on the Organization Performance2089 Words   |  9 Pagesin light of uncertain and rapidly changing environment. Many researches argue that training and development programs increase the organizations performance and effectiveness. Toward a better understanding of the effects of training and development in the workplace, this research points out the importance of training and development the workforce, determines the major types of training and development programs, discusses the relationship between training and the overall organizati onal performanceRead MoreLearning Styles Essay4126 Words   |  17 Pageswhich can affect learning for a student. Incorporated in this I will discuss theories of ‘learning styles’, comparing and contrasting them and try to identify aspects which can impact upon my practice. I will analyse my own teaching style and that of others to see how the theories can be applied and also assess my own success in meeting the needs of the students. 1.1 Why? The information provided in this assignment will allow me a better understanding of the variety of ways a student can learnRead MoreDesigning Intervention9340 Words   |  38 PagesDesigning Interventions An organization development intervention is a sequence of activities, actions, and events intended to help an organization improve its performance and effectiveness. Intervention design, or action planning, derives from careful diagnosis and is meant to resolve specific problems and to improve particular areas of organizational functioning identified in the diagnosis. OD interventions vary from standardized programs that have been developed and used in many organizationsRead Moreqcf level 5 Health and social care 5106221 Words   |  25 Pagesrespect and encouraging them to develop their own skills and knowledge whilst sharing their experiences with colleagues. I believe that I lead by example and that this sets a standard of positive leadership resulting in the staff feeling that that they can trust me as a manager, therefore creating a good working atmosphere that brings our team together resulting in high performance standards. As a senior care coordinator I carry out staff supervision and appraisal along with observations and this allowsRead MoreCase Study: Leading Organisational Change: Improving Hospital Performance3879 Words   |  16 Pagesresistance encountered by Tracey Burns and her team? Support your discussion with evidence-based literature. †¢ Explore the approaches they used to manage the resistance and critically evaluate the effectiveness of those approaches, drawing on your learning from the module and key literature sources. 2 CONTENTS Topic Page No. Introduction 4 Resistance to change 5 Need for change 6 Sources of resistance encountered by Tracy Burns 7 Distorted perception, interpretationRead MoreThe World Health Organization Has Defined Health As A State Of Complete Physical, Psychological, And Social Wellbeing Essay2471 Words   |  10 Pagesreducing death rate and increase productivity which would help in the progress of the economy. ï  ¶ Short Story on Personal Experience: There is always risk with one’s life. No one can predict what is going to happen tomorrow. We all know that medical fees are too high which cannot be afforded by low-income group people. I can tell this from my personal experience. Being new to US we didn’t have any type of medical insurance before. Once my dad had a problem in his teeth and he had to get it fixed. WhenRead MoreTata Steel Project5551 Words   |  23 PagesAsia. The company has enhanced its competitive advantage in raw materials further, buying a five per cent interest in the Carborough Downs coal project located in Queensland, Australia. Its backward and forward integration plans include the development of a deep-sea port in Orissa. Through investments in Corus, Millennium Steel (renamed Tata Steel Thailand) and NatSteel Holdings, Singapore, Tata Steel has created a manufacturing and marketing network in Europe, South East Asia and the pacific-rim countriesRead MoreStrategic Innovation8306 Words   |à ‚  34 Pages........................................... 4 Serendipitous versus Strategic Innovation............................................................................ 4 2. 2.1. THE SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF STRATEGIC INNOVATION............... 5 A Managed Innovation Process – Combining Non-Traditional and Traditional Approaches to Business Strategy ........................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Divergent and Convergent thinking.................Read MoreNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 Pagesprocess by which a person can discover values or principles through one’s behavior, feelings, ideas and important choices one has made. It is during the early adult stage that an individual can really clarify what decision in his/her life had a major influence on one’s personality. Thus, this process can help one understand his/her character and the choices that a person will make in the future. A person is continually developing his/her values: values can never be static but must be

Colour Blindness Free Essays

Colour blindness is a very well known deficiency that affects approximately 8% of the population worldwide (Fluck 2006). People who are colour blind are not technically blind, they have a decreased ability to identify colours and in the most extreme cases, not able to see colours at all. The technical term for being colour blind is achromatopsia which means the inability to see any colours at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Colour Blindness or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, most people are only colour deficient and not fully color blind therefore they can be classified as monochromatic, which means the ability to see one colour, or dichromatic, the ability to see two colours. Colour blindness is a congenital and permanent mutation of the X chromosome, which is passed on to an offspring by the mother. The most typical case of this deficiency originates from a fault in the development of sets of retinal cones that perceive colour in light and transmit that information to the optic nerve. Men are more likely to have a form of colour blindness due to the fact that the only have a single X chromosome compared to women who have two. For a woman to become colour blind both of her X chromosomes must be mutated compared to only one for a man. At first glance one would think that being colour blind would have no evolutionary advantages at all, however, that is not the case. US Military studies have shown that soldiers who are colour blind are much better at distinguishing camouflage compared to soldiers without the deficiency (Boring 1945). Even with this skill, most people would consider being colour blind to be a disadvantage on everyday life. Boring, Edwin G. (ed. ) Psychology for the Armed Services Washington: The National Research Council – The Infantry Journal, 1945. http://www. straightdope. com/columns/read/3037/is-colorblindness-an-evolutionary-advantage How to cite Colour Blindness, Essay examples

British In 19th Essay Example For Students

British In 19th Essay The nineteenth (19th) century was a period of great change and accompanyingsocial unrest in the British Isles. Most outstanding among the changes was theindustrial revolution. As everything in life, it brought good, but it alsobrought evil. The industrial revolution combined with the expansion of theBritish Empire made the United Kingdom, the richest and most powerful country inthe world. Some of the islanders became unbelievably wealthy, but others,unfortunately, became unbelievably poor. Writers from this historical periodcognizant of the human suffering, became social critics of what was taking placein England, of how the rich and powerful became more oppressive than before andhow the very poor, were evenly more oppressed. Among these writers were CharlesDickens and George Eliot. In his novel, Felix Halt the Radical, Eliot (nee MaryAnne Evans) describes graphically the conflict and battle between these twogroups. In the novel, Eliot portrayed British society as having two types of people, the oppressors, who were the landowners who had the ability to vote andserve in government and then there the oppressed, who are the back breakingworkers. The factory workers and miners (the oppressed) were denied basic humanrights and their opinion and beliefs were discarded as being useless. Theseworkers wanted change and reform, however they did not speak out against theirmasters or government because of fear of retaliation by the oppressors, ofpunishment and also because of the lack of leadership skill to organize arevolt. The leadership that was needed was that of Harold Transome, a radical,and of his political agents that began preaching the need for change and forequality among the workers. Traditionally, two main political parties existed inGreat Britain, the Whigs and Tories, which forced society to choose what sidewould represent them. The split in society caused conflict in which people wouldonly associate with those individuals who supported the same party. Addin g tothese conflicts, political candidates gave false hopes and promises in order tosway the opinion of people. Nonetheless a rise of uncertainty for the twoparties began when Harold Transome returned home and brought with him enoughwealth to gain the support needed to back up his political movement. Transomehad made his fortune trading in the Far East of the empire. Despite his vastfortune there was one vast obstacle in Transoms plan to rebuild his estate andbuild a political career, which was that he wasnt the actual heir to hisfamilys estate. Long ago, the principal of the estate was sold off to theBaycliff family. Legally the estate belonged to Tommy Transome, an illiteratepeasant who had been paid off to keep quiet. If anything were to happen to TommyTransome, the rights to the estate would pass to any existing heir of theBaycliff family. Harold Transome the lord of the Transome estate was a stronghandsome man who left home to find his fortune in the Middle East in trade. Hework ed in banking in Smyrna, currently Izmir, a city in western Turkey. Hereturned to England when he had a sizable sum which he would use to rebuild hisestate and support his political actions. Harold envisioned change, a change forthe good of the workers. He disliked the Whigs and Tories because theyrepresented everything old and unmodern. Being a radical meant new, improvement,change and modernization. He had modern opinions and ideas to change the outcomeof society, however he still believed that women were silly creatures who didnot have any ability nor right to discuss or work with what he consideredmens work, such as politics and running estates. Mr. Johnson, oneof Transomes agents was a charismatic person with a strong passionate voice andconvincing manner, with which he was able to rile up the workers. He claimedthat their support of the radical movement would improve their lives. Accordingto Mr. Johnson, this country will rise to the tip-top of everything, andthere isnt a man in it but what shall his joint in the pot, and his spare moneyjingling in his pocket, if we only exert ourselves to send the right men toParliament men who will speak up for the collier, and stone cutter, and thenavy, and will stand no nonsense (p. 114). Harold Transome was the man forthis job. He could put extra money in the workers pocket and alter thepolitical arena. In return for a chance of a better life, Mr. Johnson wanted theworkers to show their support for Harold Transome and the radical movement. Healso demanded that the working men united themselves and give their handsand voices for the right man, and when you shout for Transome, rememberyou shout for more wages, and more of your rights, and you shoot to get rid ofrats and sprats and such animals, who are the tools the rich make use of tosqueeze the blood out of the poor people, (p. 117). If left to themselves,these workers would have never conceived the idea to rally against theiroppressors. A strong influence was need ed, a catalytic agent, in order toinstill in them the idea that change was needed and rising against the leadersof society their oppressors would bring about the best results. The outcome ofMr. Johnsons speech resulted in a very short-lived revolt with much chaos. Theday of the election saw upset drunken workers who wanted the blood of those whoput them in their sorry state. Their demonstration consisted initially of theiranger by throwing vegetables at the people eligible to vote and at store windows(p. 264). The people in the mob, however, grew even more hostile. The mobdecided to inflict some pain on Spratt whom was a Sproxton man who did notsupport the radical movement Spratt was found in the Seven Stars, a well knownestablishment known for supporting the Troy political side. They invaded the innin which he was staying and dragged him out into the streets kicking andscreaming. The mob taunted him in order to see how much they could frighten himbefore they really hurt him. They c ontinued their rampage until thy reached thetowns center (Treby Manor) where they invaded the manor and proceeded todestroy whatever they could. The mob was destructive and out of control that themilitary was called in to put a stop to them. As a result of such rash actionsby the mob, three people died, many of innocent people were wounded and therewere damages to property and businesses, (p 281). Tragically, one of the men whodied was Tommy Transome, which means that the estate would pass to EstherBaycliff, legal heir to the Transome estate. During all this chaos, there wasonly one person who remain calm and collected and who tried to swayed the mob inanother direction. Felix Holt, was a watch repairer by trade, but a fighter forequality and the rights of man. Mr. Holt knew that he would be unable to stopthe mob so his mission was to divert them in a direction where no one would behurt nor injured. He did succeed in some aspects. Holt realized that the mob wasnot going to listen to reason so he decided to pretend to be a part of the mobin order to manipulate them and hold them down until reinforcement arrived. Hewas able to get the crowd to forget about Spratt, however, he wasnt able todeflect them from Treby Manor. For his efforts to help, Holt was shot in theshoulder and sent to jail for manslaughter, assault and rioting, (p. 270). Ibelieve that the fact that the author, George Eliot is a woman is a significantfactor to this novel. Eliot clearly shows that during this time that women werenot considered important in the eyes of men. Their main duty was to produce anheir. However, the women during this time did have capable minds with their ownthoughts and ideas, for example, Mrs. Transome, Harolds mother. She was able torun the estate in the absence of her son but when he returned, he treated her asan invalid. Women are forced by society to depend on men, as it was the case forMrs. Holt, Felixs mother. Felix Holt would not allow his mother to sell herhomemad e remedies for illnesses but she has no one to depend on when he isthrown into prison. Eliot depicts a life of unhappiness and misery for the mostwomen in this novel. Mrs. Transome is a woman suffering with anguish and purehatred for her son that leaves her to be a bitter woman. As I was reading thisnovel, I was intrigued to find out that George Eliot was a woman because itanswered many my questions. In my opinion, the novel was a very descriptive one. .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .postImageUrl , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:hover , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:visited , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:active { border:0!important; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:active , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robert Frost-The road not taken Essay It emphasized on the power and strength of males within society and how theirmachismo behavior effects the outcome of how society behaves. As anoutsider looking into a complex world, I am able to see things clearly. It ismales within the society who are dangerous because they are the ones who strivefor power and success and they also conjure movements that may have negativeimpact. Harold Transomes problem was that he was trying to modernize and tryingto solve problems for just part of the puzzle. He failed to take into account ofthe whole puzzle. Harold did not think before acted and he did not take theadvise of his mother who foresaw the troubles that his movement would bring. Ina way, I believe that Eliot is trying to show the reader that society would beextremely different if it was women who held control of it and dominant over themales. The world would be quite different if women were in charge because womenhave a more of tendencies to express their emotions and talk things out. Inaddition, they also have the tendencies to look beyond and find the root of theproblem. As Eliot describes the scene to the reader and the beavers of people atdifferent stages of society, there is a hint of romance in all this. The authordisguises herself behind a masculine name but her identity is revealed by thechance of her characters finding true love and happily everafter. Esthers dream was to be rich, to have a position and a title andshe was granted he r dreams. She had everything she thought she wanted, however,she did not have Felix Holt, her true love. Felix was sentence to four years inprison for his alleged crimes during the elections. Esther decided to give upeverything she ever wanted and pass the estate into the hands of Harold in orderto wait for Felix in lifestyle that she found comfort, happiness and love. European History